Abdominoplasty or "tummy tuck"

 

 Abdominoplasty or "tummy tuck" may be a restorative surgery method utilized to create the guts more slender and more firm. The surgery includes the expulsion of overabundance skin and fat from the center and lower guts in arrange to fix the muscle and sash of the stomach wall.

Pancreatic cancer surgical treatment

 

Pancreatic cancer emerges when cells within the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, start to increase out of control and frame a mass.These cancerous cells have the capacity to attack other parts of the body. There are a number of types of pancreatic cancer. The foremost common, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, accounts for around 90% of cases, and the term "pancreatic cancer" .

Thyroid gland Anatomy

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland in your neck. It makes two hormones that are secreted into the blood: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are necessary for all the cells in your body to work normally.

Open appendectomy steps ( simulated )

An appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix. It's a common emergency surgery that's performed to treat appendicitis, an inflammatory condition of the appendix. The appendix is a small, tube-shaped pouch attached to your large intestine. It's located in the lower right side of your abdomen .

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Lipoma surgical excision "Lipoma removal surgery"

A lipoma is a benign tumor composed of adipose tissue. It is the most common form of soft tissue tumor.Lipomas are soft to the touch, usually movable, and are generally painless. Many lipomas are small (under one centimeter diameter) but can enlarge to sizes greater than six centimeters. Lipomas are commonly found in adults from 40 to 60 years of age, but can also be found in children. Some sources claim that malignant transformation can occur !

Examination of swelling

In medical parlance, swelling is the transient enlargement or protuberance in the body and may include tumors. According to cause, it may be congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, neoplastic or miscellaneous.It can occur throughout the body (generalized), or a specific part or organ can be affected (localized). Swelling is considered one of the five characteristics of inflammation; along with pain, heat, redness, and loss of function.In a general sense, the suffix "-megaly" is used to indicate a growth, as in hepatomegaly, acromegaly, and splenomegaly.A body part may swell in response to injury, infection, or disease, as well as because of an underlying lump. Swelling — especially swelling of the ankle can also occur if the body is not circulating fluid well.Generalized swelling, or massive edema (also called anasarca), is a common sign in severely ill people. Although slight edema may be difficult to detect to the untrained eye, especially in an overweight person, massive edema is very obvious.

Colostomy surgery demo

A colostomy is a surgical procedure in which a stoma is formed by drawing the healthy end of the large intestine or colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place. This opening, in conjunction with the attached stoma appliance, provides an alternative channel for feces to leave the body. It may be reversible or irreversible depending on the circumstances.

laparoscopic appendectomy - animation

Incisions types

An appendectomy (sometimes called appendisectomy or appendicectomy) is the surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. This procedure is normally performed as an emergency procedure, when the patient is suffering from acute appendicitis. In the absence of surgical facilities, intravenous antibiotics are used to delay or avoid the onset of sepsis; it is now recognized that many cases will resolve when treated non-operatively. In some cases the appendicitis resolves completely; more often, an inflammatory mass forms around the appendix. This is a relative contraindication to surgery.
Appendectomy may be performed laparoscopically (this is called minimally invasive surgery) or as an open operation. Laparoscopy is often used if the diagnosis is in doubt, or if it is desirable to hide the scars in the umbilicus or in the pubic hair line. Recovery may be a little quicker with laparoscopic surgery; the procedure is more expensive and resource-intensive than open surgery and generally takes a little longer, with the (low in most patients) additional risks associated with pneumoperitoneum (inflating the abdomen with gas). Advanced pelvic sepsis occasionally requires a lower midline laparotomy.
There have been some cases of auto-appendectomies, i.e. operating on yourself. One was performed by dr Kane in 1921, but the operation was completed by his assistants. Another case is Leonid Rogozov who had to perform the operation on himself as he was the only surgeon on a remote Arctic base.
In general terms, the procedure for an open appendectomy is as follows.

1. Antibiotics are given immediately if there are signs of sepsis, otherwise a single dose of prophylactic intravenous antibiotics is given immediately prior to surgery.
2. General anaesthesia is induced, with endotracheal intubation and full muscle relaxation, and the patient is positioned supine.
3. The abdomen is prepared and draped and is examined under anesthesia.
4. If a mass is present, the incision is made over the mass; otherwise, the incision is made over McBurney's point, one third of the way from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the umbilicus; this represents the position of the base of the appendix (the position of the tip is variable).
5. The various layers of the abdominal wall are then opened.
6. The effort is always to preserve the integrity of abdominal wall. Therefore, the External Oblique Aponeurosis is slitted along its fiber, and the internal oblique muscle is split along its length, not cut. As the two run at right angles to each other, this prevents later Incisional hernia.
7. On entering the peritoneum, the appendix is identified, mobilized and then ligated and divided at its base.
8. Some surgeons choose to bury the stump of the appendix by inverting it so it points into the caecum.
9. Each layer of the abdominal wall is then closed in turn.
10. The skin may be closed with staples or stitches.
11. The wound is dressed.
12. The patient will be brought to the recovery room.